Rayon -
The first man-made fiber was
produced about 1855 and it was primarily used as a replacement for silk. It
went by the name Viscose. This fiber did not actually become commercially
viable until 1924 when more modern production methods made it more economical
to produce, when it was renamed Rayon. Rayon is technically not synthetic, nor
is it natural. It is made from wood cellulose. It remains a versatile fiber for
apparel as it has many of the same comforts as natural fibers. Rayon does not
retain body heat very well, so it is mostly used in apparel made for hot and
humid seasons and climates. It is not only used for apparel, but in bedspreads,
blankets, curtains, upholstery, yarn, medical surgery products and other items.
Nylon -
Developed by the DuPont
chemical company, nylon began to be manufactured in 1939. It is the first truly
synthetic fiber, as it is made entirely of petrochemicals. With the outbreak of
World War II, the availability of silk for military applications dropped
because most silk came from Asia. Nylon replaced silk in parachutes, and was also
used in tires, tents, ropes and other military items. Nylon is used in many
applications. A few examples are clothing, carpeting, pantyhose, Velcro,
toothbrushes, guitar strings, fishing line, and many more uses.
Acrylic -
DuPont developed acrylic in 1944
and began to commercially produce it in 1950. At first it was primarily used in
outdoor applications, but is now used in apparel and carpeting. When used for
clothing it is lightweight and warm, very similar to wool. It has been used as
a cheap alternative to cashmere.
Polyester -
Yet another fiber created by
scientists at DuPont, experimentation with the fiber was shelved with the
coming of World War II and the emphasis on nylon. Polyester was introduced to
America in 1951 under the trade name of Dacron. Currently, it is the most
widely used of any synthetic fiber in the United States. It is used for
apparel, pillow stuffing, wood finishing products, bottles, filters, tarps, and
a huge list of other uses. Because polyester resists wrinkling, it is many
times combined with other natural and synthetic fibers to produce wrinkle-free
fabrics.
Micro fiber -
This is a type of polyester
that has very thin strands, while retaining its strength. It was introduced in
1986, and can be used to make fabrics and materials that are sheer, very
strong, and very absorbent. These qualities make micro fibers very useful in
cleaning and polishing applications, as well as combining them with other
synthetic and natural fibers to add its characteristics.
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